
Unique
among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained
its freedom from colonial rule, one exception being the Italian
occupation of 1936-41. In 1974 a military junta, the Derg, deposed
Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established
a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale
drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally
toppled by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's
Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), in 1991. A constitution
was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections
were held in 1995. A two and a half year border war with Eritrea
ended with a peace treaty on 12 December 2000. Location:
Eastern
Africa, west of Somalia. Climate:
Tropical
monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
Djibouti
349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan
1,606 kmMore.... Ethiopia
has extensive historic sites, particularly in the north of the
country, where the visitor can see constructions dating from
the first millennium BC, the stelae and tombs of the Axumite
kings, rock hewn churches dating from the 4th century, the monasteries
of Lake Tana and the 13th century monolithic rock hewn churches
of King Lalibella in Wollo. In the east, the 1000 year old city
of Harer, with its 99 mosques, is the fourth holiest place in
Islam, after Mecca, Median and Jerusalem. South of Addis Ababa
there are a number of Neolithic sites, including the 1.5-1.8
million year old site at Melka Kunture (Oromia Region) and the
400 stelae at Dilla in Sidamo (Southern Region). Elsewhere in
the southern region there are remote, medieval monasteries and
in Jimma, in Oromia, there is the recently resorted palace of
Abba Jiffar, the last independent king of the area.