Although inhabited by Lucayan Indians earlier, the first European settlers were Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution, who arrived in 1783, as was also the case at Cat Island.
The combined population is about 13,000 and the principal settlement and capital is Marsh Harbour. The red and white striped lighthouse at Hope Town on Elbow Cay is a noted local landmark. Coopers Town has 900 residents. The ethnic make up is about 50% white and 50% black. The original Loyalist settlers made a modest living by salvaging wrecks, by building small wooden boats, and by basic farming