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 The Mongols entered
history in the 13th century when under Genghis Khan they
conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was
divided
into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the
14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original
steppe homelands and came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its
independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A Communist regime was
installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the ex-Communist Mongolian
People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly
on power to the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC), which defeated
the MPRP in a national election in 1996. Over the next four years
the DUC put forward a number of key reforms to modernize the economy
and democratize the political system. However, the former Communists
were a strong opposition that stalled additional restructuring
and made implementation difficult. In 2000, the MPRP won an overwhelming
victory in the legislature - with 72 of the 76 seats - and completely
reshuffled the government. While it continues many of the reform
policies, the MPRP is focusing on social welfare and public order
priorities. |
Location:
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Northern Asia, between China and
Russia
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Climate:
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Desert;
continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
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Borders:
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China 4,677 km, Russia 3,485 km
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Mongolia
has a 3485km (2165-mile) border with the Russian Federation
in the north and a 4670km (2902-mile) border with China in
the south. From north to south, it can be divided into four
areas: mountain-forest steppe, mountain steppe and, in the
extreme south, semi-desert and desert (the latter being about
3 per cent of the entire territory). The majority of the
country has a high elevation, with the principal mountains
concentrated in the west. The highest point is the peak of
Tavan Bogd, in the Altai Mountains, at 4374m (14,350ft) high.
The lowest point, Khukh Nuur lake, in the east, lies at 560m
(1820ft). There are several hundred lakes in the country
and numerous rivers, of which the Orkhon is the longest at
1124km (698 miles). |
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