
Following
the First World War, the closely related Czechs and Slovaks of
the former
Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. During the
interwar years, the new country's leaders were frequently preoccupied
with meeting the demands of other ethnic minorities within the
republic, most notably the Sudeten Germans and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians).
After World War II, a truncated Czechoslovakia fell within the
Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact
troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize
Communist party rule and create "socialism with a human face." Anti-Soviet
demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh
repression. With the collapse of Soviet authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia
regained its freedom through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution." On
1 January 1993, the country underwent a "velvet divorce" into
its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Now
a member of NATO, the Czech Republic has moved toward integration
in world markets, a development that poses both opportunities and
risks. In December 2002, the Czech Republic was invited to join
the European Union (EU). It is expected that the Czech Republic
will accede to the EU in 2004.. LOCATION:
Central Europe, southeast of Germany CLIMATE: Temperate;
cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters BORDERS:
Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km,
Poland 658 km, Slovakia 215 km