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As Europe's largest economy and most populous nation, Germany remains a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed the country in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key Western economic and security organizations, the EC, which became the EU, and NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 2002, Germany and 11 other EU countries introduced a common European currency, the euro.. LOCATION: Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark CLIMATE: Temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm foehn wind BORDERS: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km The Federal Republic of Germany covers an area of 357,000 square kilometers and is home to 80+ million people. Stretching from the North and Baltic seas to the snow-capped Bavarian Alps, the country boasts at least five major geographical regions, each totally different in character. Germany has long been at history’s crux – being heavily involved in World War I and the instigator of World War II. After World War II, Germany was divided up between the Allies, with Britain, France and the USA consolidating the western portion into the Federal Republic of Germany and the Soviet half becoming the communist German Democratic Republic. The city of Berlin was also divided in half. West Germany made a rapid recovery after the War to become Europe’s most formidable economic power. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe has no more poignant symbol than the tearing down of the Berlin Wall in 1989. No other country gives the sense of a living history in the way that Germany does.

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