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Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav Tryggvason in 994. Conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that was to last for more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Norway remained neutral in World War I and proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II. Nevertheless, it was not able to avoid a five-year occupation by Nazi Germany (1940-1945). In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. The current focus is on containing spending on the extensive welfare system and planning for the time when petroleum reserves are depleted. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. . LOCATION: Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden CLIMATE: Temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast BORDERS: Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km Norway has produced its fair share of artistic sons including the painter Edvard Munch, composer Edvard Grieg, and playwright Henrik Ibsen. The country holds strong to many of its cultural traditions and traditional folk dancing, singing and storytelling are very popular. Sights to see when in Norway include its capital, Oslo, the oldest of the Scandinavian capitals. Founded in 1050, it is Norway’s largest city and home to the spectacular Akershus Fortress – a medieval castle and fortress built in 1300. Its banquet halls and staterooms and chapel are still used for royal functions today. The historic city of Bergen is ideal for exploring nearby natural attractions such as Sognefjord, Norway’s longest and deepest fjord, the breathtaking waterfalls at Geirangerfjord and the enormous Jostedalsbreen glacier. The northern town of Tromso is known as the - Gateway to the Artic - and is a lively town with street music and more pubs than any other place in the country. For a really spectacular experience, journey north to Hammerfest to see the Northern Lights. Known as the aurora borealis, they are a natural phenomenon characterized by the appearance of streamers of coloured light in the sky caused by the interaction of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the upper atmosphere.

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